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A bristlecone pine can refer to one of three species of pine trees (family Pinaceae, genus ''Pinus'', subsection ''Balfourianae''). All three species are long-lived and highly resilient to harsh weather and bad soils. One of the three species, ''Pinus longaeva'', is the longest-lived life form on Earth; the oldest individual is more than 5,000 years old,〔 making it the oldest known individual of any species. Despite their potential age and low reproductive rate, bristlecone pines, particularly ''Pinus longaeva'', are usually a first succession species, tending to occupy new open ground. They generally compete poorly in less-than-harsh environments, making them hard to cultivate.〔 In gardens, they succumb quickly to root rot.〔(EOL )〕 They do very well, however, where most other plants cannot even grow, such as in rocky dolomitic soils in areas with virtually no rainfall.〔 Bristlecone pine grow in scattered subalpine groves at high altitude in arid regions of the Western United States. The name comes from the prickles on the female cones.〔 == Species and range == There are three closely related species of bristlecone pines: * Great Basin bristlecone pine ''Pinus longaeva'' in Utah, Nevada and eastern California. The famous longest-lived species; often the term ''Bristlecone pine'' refers to this tree in particular. * Rocky Mountains bristlecone pine ''Pinus aristata'' in Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. The most populous species; capable of forming closed canopies and, unlike the other two, is commonly cultivated. * Foxtail pine ''Pinus balfouriana'' with two disjunct populations found in the Klamath Mountains (subspecies ''balfouriana'') and the southern Sierra Nevada (subspecies ''austrina''). A small outlying population was reported in southern Oregon, but was proven to have been misidentified. Forms the thickest groves of the three. At least some of the three species can hybridize in cultivation, but the ranges of wild populations do not overlap. The Colorado River and Green River produces a gap between the ranges of ''P. longaeva'' and ''P. aristata'' and the northern Owens Valley provides a gap between the ranges of ''P. longaeva'' and ''P. balfouriana''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bristlecone pine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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